Overview
Saudi Arabia’s legal system is rooted in Islamic Sharia, which serves as the country’s higher law. The Basic Law of Governance (1992) sets out the structure of the state, and recent reforms are codifying more areas of law in writing.
Legal system & tradition
Sharia, drawn mainly from the Hanbali school, is the primary source of law; judges have traditionally interpreted it case by case. Royal decrees and regulations fill in commercial, labour, and administrative areas. A major reform programme is now codifying law to increase predictability.
Constitution & government
Saudi Arabia has no conventional constitution; the Qur’an and the Sunnah are declared its constitution. The Basic Law of Governance (1992) functions as a constitutional framework, defining the monarchy, the state’s duties, and citizens’ rights and obligations.
Courts & disputes
Sharia courts handle most matters, organised from first-instance courts up to courts of appeal and the Supreme Court. Specialised committees and the Board of Grievances — administrative courts — handle commercial, labour, and state disputes. Reforms are codifying procedure and judgments.
Major branches of law
Rights & rule of law
Rights and duties are framed by Islamic law and the Basic Law of Governance. The Vision 2030 reform programme has introduced significant changes, including new personal-status, civil-transactions, and evidence laws aimed at clarity and consistency.
Key milestones
Higher-risk & getting help
Licensed lawyers represent clients before the courts. Government platforms — such as the Ministry of Justice and the national portal — provide e-services and guidance, and the Board of Grievances handles disputes with the state. For emergencies, contact local authorities.
Official sources
About this profile
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